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Aminet Tsikunib ¹, Svetlana Kaytmesova ¹, Angelina Shakhanova ¹, Yulia Dyachenko ¹

Affiliations
1 Adyghe State University (AGU), Maikop - 385000, Street Pervomayskaya, 208, RU

Abstract

The monitoring of nutrition among different population groups shows that one of the essential dietary infringements is an excessive intake of sucrose, which is substantially higher than the physiological norms and the evolutionarily established traditional levels. A multidirectional effector effect of sucrose on the enzymes was determined as a result of the studies on the impact of the sucrose’s high concentrations on the activity of the digestive enzymes in vitro. These included studying the effect of the salivary ά-amylase through the amyloclastic method, the effect of the pancreatic lipase through titrimetry, and the effect of the sucrase-isomaltase complex through the glucose level dynamics in simulated environments with the specific concentrations of sucrose under the action of an enzyme. The high concentrations of sucrose reduce the activity of the ά-amylase and the intensity of the starch digestion; activate the pancreatic lipase increasing the intensity of the intestinal fat digestion; lead to the induction of the activity and amount of the intestinal sucrase-isomaltase complex increasing the rate of the sucrose splitting, its hyperglycemic effect, and the risk of the impaired glucose tolerance.

Keywords

ά-Amylase, Excessive Intake of Sucrose, Pancreatic Lipase, Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex

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Angelina Shakhanova ¹, Andrey Kuzmin ¹, Svetlana Grechishkina Nina Khasanova ¹, Ekaterina Kalnaya ¹

Affiliations
1 Adyghe State University (AGU), Maikop, RU

Abstract

The experiment was performed in a longitudinal mode at the premises of the Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve (CYSSOR). A total of 60 boys playing football and 60 boys playing basketball at the age of 10-15 years were examined. The control group consisted of 60 10-15-year-old schoolboys not engaged in sports activities. Todetermine PWC170 and VO2max, the hardware and software system "Poli-Spektr-Ergo" (Neurosoft, Ivanovo) was used. The load with the power of PWC170 was simulated on a cycle ergometer under the ECG control. It has been shown that the genetically determined regularities of ontogeny are less constant and stable in their time-response and quantitative characteristics. Under sufficiently durable and strong effects of the athletic loads, a time displacement of the adolescent growth spurt occurs towards the earlier or later age periods (towards the age of 12 years in young basketball players, and 14 years in young football players against the age of 13 years, which is naturally predetermined by the ontogeny process in boys). In the conditions of football training, the sports physical activities can be considered as a growth promoting factor only in the early stages of the training process (10-11 years). The further growth promoting influence is leveled by the increasing volume and intensity of sports physical activities. The age dynamics of PWC170 and VO2max in the young football players and male non-athletes is closely connected with the dynamics of somatic development: During the periods of the increasing growth rates, the PWC170 and VO2max indicators are reduced, and during the periods when the growth rates are inhibited—these indicators start increasing, which proves the objectivity of processes, such as the heterochrony, as well as the critical and sensitive periods.

Keywords

Athletic Loads, PWC170, Somatic Development, VO2max, Young Basketball Players, Young Football Players

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